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Now,ecologists know that this synchronized()departure is timed with a complicatedbehavior called "consensus decision-making",where the majority agree to take action.To figure it out,researchers in the United Kingdom recorded hundreds of hours of theirbird calls in Cornwall over several months.They measured when the first jackdaws began theircalls,how loud the birds were,and how quickly the swell()of calls rose,and thencompared these sounds to footage()of those birds'departures.The team found that thejackdaw group left together once the chorus of calls reached a critical mass-the more rapidlythe chorus swelled,the earlier the birds left."They all leave together in a few seconds.The sky just fills with black birds forthwith.Itis just like a black snowstorm,"Alex Thornton,an ecologist at the University of Exeter,UK,told New Scientist.Every call is a jackdaw casting its vote to leave."At first you just get a fewcalls,then more and more birds join in and it builds and builds.And the steeper the increase,theearlier they leave,"Thornton added.On rare occasions,when the intensity of the chorus doesn'tbuild enough and the jackdaws don't agree,the birds instead launch off in small numbers.The team also found that once jackdaws reached a consensus they departed almostimmediately,with hundreds of individuals flying in less than five seconds.When scientistsplayed past recordings of calls back to the jackdaws,getting in the way of the group's naturalcrescendo(渐强的声音)，they were able to push forward the birds'launching by more than sixminutes.The birds did not,however,change their launch times in response to other noises.“The gregarious(a群居的)birds prefer to leave as a group,although each jackdaw will havea slightly different preference as to when they want to leave,based on factors like their size andhunger,"Alex Dibnah,a University of Exeter graduate student and lead author of the study,saidin a statement."Leaving the roost()together has various benefits,including safety frompredators and access to information such as where to find food."This research shows the critical role vocalizations()play in group decision-making forthis species.One next step for this research,according to the authors,is to figure out howhuman-created noises might affect this process and the spread of information throughout thesecommunities."Imagine a big roost near a town or busy road,"Thornton said."If the birds can't hear eachother and can't form a consensus to leave together,it could have big impacts on theirpopulation."32.What is the purpose of the research in Cornwall?A.To understand how jackdaws reach an agreement.B.To study what makes jackdaws'departure time unique.C.To make a comparison of jackdaws'calls with other birds'D.To assess the importance of jackdaws'complicated behaviors.33.What does the underlined "forthwith"in Paragraph 3 mean?